According to a2zdirectory, Jacksonville (Florida) is a consolidated-county-city located in Duval County in the US state of Florida. It is the county seat of Duval County.
History
Ossachite is the name given by anthropologists to the first human settlement in the area, now the lower area of Jacksonville, such a settlement dates from about 6,000 years before the present; This name comes from the language of the Timucua, but it is unlikely that such an ethnic group already existed at such a remote time.
The first European explorers of the region in which the current city is located were the Spanish during the first decade of the 16th century; although after the French expedition led by the Huguenot Jean Ribault in 1562 in the basin of the San Juan River, in 1564 the also French and Huguenot René Goulaine de Laudonnière founded the first European settlement, called in French Fort Caroline (from there the place name would derive La Carolina, for the region north of Florida). But, within the context of the Wars of Religion between Catholics and Protestants on September 2, 1565 A Spanish force allied to the Timucuas and under the command of Pedro Menéndez de Avilés from the recently founded fort (and later Spanish city) of San Agustín de La Florida attacked the French population, the Huguenot soldiers were exterminated, saving only the French who proved to be Catholics. The Spanish renamed the fortress with the name of San Mateo, however with the destruction of Fort Caroline, the positioning of San Agustín as the most important city in Florida was consolidated. The place of what is now called Jacksonville began to be more popularly known with the Spanish compound word and timucua Vacapilatca (Vado de las vacas). After the Seven Years’ War Spain Florida ceded between 1762 and 1783 to Great Britain. During the English rule the name of the locality was translated to Cowford in 1781. In 1783 Las Floridas (West Florida and East Florida) were reintegrated into Hispanic sovereignty thanks to the expedition commanded by Bernardo de Gálvez.
In 1820, Spain, before the loss of most of its dominions in the American continent, signed the Adams-Onís Treaty (or Florida Treaty) by which the American occupation of Las Floridas (Florida Territory) was recognized. The assignment was finalized in 1821. From 1822 the name of Jacksonville became known. This name paid tribute to Andrew Jackson, American president and previously governor of the territory during the First Seminole War. The 9 of February of 1832, the state legislature approved the establishment of the city that had been drafted by citizens led by Isaiah D. Hart.
Jacksonville suffered a blockade by Union forces during the Civil War.
Starting in the late 1800s, Jacksonville and the nearby town of St. Augustine became popular as a luxurious winter residence. Visitors came to the territory by steamship and later by rail. However, this fashion ended with the extension of the railroad further south. Between 1886 and 1888 an epidemic of yellow fever affected the city and caused almost half of the residents to leave the city. In 1901 a fire destroyed the commercial part of the city and left more than 10,000 people without residence.
Initially the movie industry settled in Jacksonville, where there were as many as 30 movie studios in 1910. However, the unfavorable political climate for this industry caused it to move from Jacksonville to California.
During World War II, a pilot training center was located near Jacksonville. Currently that center employs 23,000 civilians. Jacksonville has a sad history of racial segregation. The 27 of August of 1960, a group of members of the Ku Klux Klan armed with baseball bats and agricultural utensils attacked a group of civil rights demonstrators protesting against racial segregation practiced restaurants. According to some witnesses, the acts of violence against the African-American population continued without police intervention, even the white protesters began to have injuries. As in the rest of the southern United States, the coexistence of populations of different origins had improved and in 1995, Nat Glover was elected county sheriff and re-elected in 1999. In 2003 he ran for mayor but did not win the election. Had he done so, he would have been Jacksonville’s first African-American mayor.
Geography
Jacksonville is located at coordinates 30 ° 20′13 ″ N 81 ° 39′41 ″ W. According to the United States Census Bureau, Jacksonville has a total area of 2,265.28 km², of which 1,934.72 km² correspond to the mainland and (14.59%) 330.55 km² is water.5 It is the city of the United States with greater surface. It is the largest of the state’s cities and the 13th of the largest cities in the country. The Jacksonville metropolitan area had more than one million residents (in 1996).
The Jacksonville and Duval County governments are consolidated. Other municipalities in the county are Baldwin, Neptune Beach, Atlantic Beach, and Jacksonville Beach.
Demography
According to a 2010 census, there were 821,784 people residing in Jacksonville. The population density was 362.77 residents / km². Of the 821,784 residents, Jacksonville was made up of 59.44% White, 30.72% African American, 0.4% Indian, 4.29% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 2, 19% of other offspring and 2.88% mestizo. Of the total population, 7.73% were Hispanic.
Education
Universities The institutions of higher education present in Jacksonville are:
- Brewer Christian College
- Edward Waters College
- Jacksonville University
- University of North Florida
- Florida Community College at Jacksonville
- Trinity Baptist College
- Jones College
- Florida Technical College
- Christian College Logos
- Florida Coastal School of Law
Twinned cities
Jacksonville collaborates in the town twinning program, having six in total:
- Chimbote
- White Bay
- Murmansk
- Masan
- Nantes
- San Juan
