Dnipro, until 2016 Dnipropetrovsk, until 1926 Yekaterinoslav, Ekaterinoslav [jε-], regional capital in Ukraine, on both sides of the Dnieper, north of the Dnieper Narrow Valley, (2019) 998 100 residents.
University (founded in 1918), four technical universities (including the National University of Mining, founded in 1899), branch of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, numerous research institutes (especially industrial research), publishers, libraries, Jewish cultural center (opened in 2012), important museums (including archaeological -historisches museum), several theaters, philharmonic orchestra and botanical garden. According to a2zdirectory, due to its location between the Donets coal basin and the ore deposits of Krywyj Rih (iron) and Nikopol (manganese), the city developed into a focus of iron extraction and processing. Iron metallurgy, mechanical engineering and plant engineering are the dominant industrial sectors, which mainly include iron and steel products (including tubes), armaments, satellite, aerospace technology (rockets), mining and metallurgical equipment, Produce rail vehicle technology (electric locomotives) and other products for heavy machinery and plant construction, agricultural technology and the electronic and precision engineering industry. In addition, there are chemical (tire and synthetic resin production), light and food industry, large thermal power plants (2,400 MW). The environment is heavily polluted due to the long industrial development and the pollutant emissions associated with it. In the service sector, the financial sector is of the greatest importance. Dnepropetrovsk is a traffic center with inland and airport; Underground since 1995. Light and food industry, large thermal power plant (2,400 MW). The environment is heavily polluted due to the long industrial development and the pollutant emissions associated with it. In the service sector, the financial sector is of the greatest importance. Dnepropetrovsk is a traffic center with inland and airport; Underground since 1995. Light and food industry, large thermal power plant (2,400 MW). The environment is heavily polluted due to the long industrial development and the pollutant emissions associated with it. In the service sector, the financial sector is of the greatest importance. Dnepropetrovsk is a traffic center with inland and airport; Underground since 1995.
Cityscape
After obtaining town charter in 1783, I. J. Starow developed a first general development plan in 1790–92 with rectangular building blocks parallel to the Katharinen Prospect (today Karl Marx Prospect) as the main axis. Significant buildings from the 18th and 19th centuries are the classicist castle of Prince G. A. Potjomkins (1787–90, by I. J. Starow; destroyed in World War II, rebuilt in 1952 as a student leisure center), the Transfiguration Cathedral (1830–35) and the former governor’s residence (1850). The buildings that were built around 1900 are characterized by historicist and Art Nouveau features (including the old mountain college, 1900; former municipal Duma, 1901). After 1945, the city was rebuilt (residential area; main train station, 1953; new opera house, 1974) from 1960 onwards an extensive expansion through large housing estates and businesses, affecting both the side of the old town on the right of the Dnieper and the previously almost undeveloped left bank of the meadow were. The landmarks of the modern Dnipro are the 123 m high twin towers of the “Tower residential complex” (completed in 2005). Six road bridges cross the Dnieper and the Samara that flows there today.
History
Dnipropetrovsk, founded in 1783 by Prince G. A. Potjomkin near the Kodak fortress, which was destroyed in 1635, and named Ekaterinoslav in honor of Catherine II, had been the provincial capital since 1802. The industrial development began around 1880 (1884 railway construction Donbass – Krywyj Rih, 1887 construction of the first blast furnace, 1889 the tubular rolling mill). In 1919, during the civil war, the city was under the control of N. I. Machnos . Due to a law passed in April 2016, according to which place names named after Soviet communists were declared inadmissible, Dnipropetrovsk was renamed Dnipro in May 2016.
Metropolitan Residence (World Heritage)
The residence, which was built in Chernivtsi from 1864 to 1882 according to the plans of the Czech architect Josef Hlávka, is an outstanding example of early historicism. The building complex represents the presence of the Orthodox Church during the rule of the Habsburgs.
Metropolitan Residence: Facts
| Official title: | Residence of the Orthodox Metropolitans of Bukovina and Dalmatia |
| Cultural monument: | Palace of the Metropolitans (Bishops) of the Orthodox Church built between 1864 and 1882 by the Czech architect Josef Hlavka; built in the historicist style with features of different stylistic epochs, especially from Romanesque and Byzantine times (crenellated architecture, colored roof tiles, marble hall, wooden decor); Multifunctional, integrated red brick complex with main building as well as dome-like, cross-shaped church, seminary, library, monastery, guest house, chapel and extensive park |
| Continent: | Europe |
| Country: | Ukraine |
| Location: | Chernivtsi, Southwest Ukraine |
| Appointment: | 2011 |
| Meaning: | Majestic masterpiece of historicism in the 19th century with stylistic elements from the beginning of Christianity to the industrial age; unique document of power and spiritual charisma of the Orthodox Church; Testimony to religious and cultural tolerance in the Habsburg Empire |
